Health Effects of Saharan Dust and Protection Methods
Saharan dust, consisting of fine particles carried by winds from the Sahara Desert, frequently reaches the Mediterranean region, including Türkiye. These dust clouds significantly reduce air quality and pose serious health risks, especially for sensitive individuals. During the spring and summer months, the concentration of these particles increases, threatening human health in terms of respiratory, skin, and eye-related problems.
Health Effects of Saharan Dust Saharan dust contains fine particulate matter known as PM10 and PM2.5, which can reach deep into the lungs and trigger inflammation. Individuals with respiratory conditions such as asthma or COPD may experience worsening symptoms. Even healthy individuals may suffer from headaches, throat irritation, burning eyes, fatigue, and allergic reactions. Additionally, microorganisms carried by the dust may increase the risk of infections.
Who Is Most at Risk? • People with asthma or chronic respiratory diseases
• Individuals with cardiovascular conditions
• Children and the elderly
• People with weakened immune systems
• Pregnant women
Protection Methods There are several precautions that can help reduce exposure to Saharan dust:
• Regularly follow air quality warnings from official meteorological authorities
• Avoid outdoor activities on days with high dust levels
• If going outside is necessary, wear N95 or equivalent protective masks
• Keep windows closed at home and at work, and use air conditioners with HEPA filters
• Ventilate indoor spaces when dust levels drop
• Drink plenty of fluids and eat foods that support the immune system
When to Seek Medical Attention If you experience shortness of breath, wheezing, severe eye irritation, persistent fatigue, or a worsening of allergy symptoms, consult a healthcare professional. People with chronic respiratory conditions are advised to stay in contact with their pulmonologist during such periods.
